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1. In paragraph 1, the writer is suggesting that:
(a) the United States should, if necessary, use nuclear weapons again
(b) the United States is more likely than other countries to use nuclear weapons
(c) the United States is one of several countries to have used nuclear weapons
(d) the United States could potentially use nuclear weapons again

a b c d

2. The writer refers to 'normal, intelligent' people in paragraph 6 because:
(a) he wants to emphasize the fact that they were among the cleverest scientists
(b) he feels the decision to use nuclear weapons against Japan was correct
(c) he believes this makes the decision to use nuclear weapons seem more shocking
(d) he wants to show how many people wanted to observe the bombs being dropped

a b c d

3. According to paragraph 3, a blockade would have been successful because:
(a) Japan has to import most of its natural resources like coal and steel
(b) Japan would not be resourceful enough to beat a blockade
(c) an attack would probably destroy Japanese resources within a few weeks
(d) the Americans could defeat Japan's navy since it was short of resources

a b c d

4. In the last sentence of paragraph 6, the writer implies that:
(a) he agrees with the decision to use nuclear weapons against Japan
(b) he thinks the decision to drop nuclear bombs on Japanese cities was wrong
(c) nuclear weapons worked much better than the scientists probably expected
(d) the weapons proved to be effective because Japan surrendered soon after

a b c d

5. The first sentence of paragraph 6 suggests the writer believes that:
(a) the decisions were made by intelligent people and were difficult to follow
(b) his presentation of the argument in paragraph 5 is difficult to understand
(c) the reasons given for the decision are hard for us to accept nowadays
(d) the decisions were complex and made by highly intelligent people

a b c d

6. According to paragraph 5, which of the following is true:
(a) people in the West had got used to hearing the sounds of people dying
(b) it would probably not be wise to inform people in the West of the deaths
(c) scientists thought only a few thousand people would die if the bombs were used
(d) people in the West would accept that some people had to die to end the war

a b c d

7. How many reasons against using the weapons are given in paragraph 3:
(a) two
(b) three
(c) four
(d) five

a b c d

8. From the last sentence of paragraph 4, we can infer that:
(a) the real reasons for the decision may never have been made clear
(b) the writer probably expects us not to agree with his opinion
(c) the writer has not done much research on this subject to establish the facts
(d) the writer has attempted to present the facts as objectively as possible

a b c d

9. Which of the following could be used instead of 'in any case' in paragraph 5:
(a) all the time
(b) anyway
(c) any time
(d) in this respect

a b c d

10. Which of the following is closest in meaning to 'blockade' in paragraph 3:
(a) siege
(b) bombing
(c) attack
(d) defence

a b c d

11. What does 'this' refer to in paragraph 3:
(a) blockading Japan and dropping a nuclear bomb on an area of low population
(b) using a bomb against some Japanese observers or on an area of low population
(c) dropping a bomb in an area of low population in front of Japanese witnesses
(d) dropping a nuclear weapon over a forest in Japan

a b c d

12. Which of the following could best replace 'natural resources' in paragraph 3:
(a) characteristics such as determination and resourcefulness
(b) ports and harbours
(c) workers with natural ability
(d) materials such as coal and iron

a b c d

13. Which is closest in meaning to the last sentence of paragraph 2:
(a) the cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki were badly damaged when they were bombed
(b) Hiroshima and Nagasaki suffered because Japan would not agree to end the war
(c) the awful effects of dropping nuclear bombs on these cities can still be felt
(d) the end of the war with Germany meant that Hiroshima and Nagasaki would suffer

a b c d

14. Which of the following does 'a demonstration of force' in paragraph 3 refer to:
(a) a show of strength
(b) a full attack
(c) a parade of weapons
(d) a meeting between the armies

a b c d

15. In paragraph 6, 'collaborated'is closest in meaning to:
(a) argued about
(b) decided
(c) worked together
(d) held conferences

a b c d

16. 'justifiable' in paragraph 5 is in inverted commas because:
(a) the word is used in an unusual way
(b) the writer is quoting from the decision makers
(c) it is not really correct English
(d) it might not be altogether appropriate here

a b c d