Academic Writer

academic writer: language
Language
In this section we present you with the 'nuts and bolts' of academic language which you can use to construct your paper.

'Essential language' offers you examples of the sort of language suitable for simple academic essays at university level. The examples are mostly taken from the 'organization' section of Academic Writer. You will find more useful language easily accessible in the 'style', 'tone' and 'evidence' sections.

'Advanced language' offers you examples of the sort of language used by academic writers at Ph.D. or publication level. Analysis suggests that academic writers spend a lot of their time either
- advancing their own arguments (usually in a tentative tone) by giving evidence or
- reviewing other authors' work (usually critically but in a polite tone).

At this level the structure of text is determined less by the framework of the paper, more by the flow of the argument and the presentation of evidence. It is therefore difficult to give examples (short of citing full papers and books!) The selection of phrases should however give you many starting points for putting your own arguments forward.

Academic Writer 2000