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Relating
to means of dispatch (sending a message)
| Pattern |
Example |
| by hand |
The exam paper has to be delivered by
hand. |
| by letter |
You have to send a confirmation by letter - a
fax won't do. |
| by post |
I'll send the cheque to you by
post. |
| by radio |
Taxis usually communicate by
radio, although
many drives use mobile phones now. |
| by cable |
Some TV channels are are only available by
cable. |
| by telegram |
You can send an urgent message by
telegram. |
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Miscellaneous |
Phrases
that begin with "at"
| at sea |
When the ferry is at
sea you cannot go out on deck.
She
felt at sea
on the first day of school. (= confused, perplexed)
|
| at hand |
The end of the world is at
hand. (= near, close in time) |
| at least |
We need at least
$20,000 dollars for the furniture. |
| at work |
Phone me at work
later. |
| at war |
When Britain and Germany were at
war, Sweden remained neutral.
|
| at last |
After several attempts we at
last got the operating system installed
correctly.
|
| at peace |
Most of the countries of Western
Europe have been at peace
since 1945.
|
| at sight |
The horses went crazy ar
sight or smell of a bear.
|
| at ease |
I don't feel at
ease with this kind of music.
|
| at heart |
He likes living in the city, but at
heart he's still a country boy.
|
| at length |
He described his accident at
length to everyone.
|
| at once |
Don't leave it, do it at
once.
|
| at first |
I didn't like it here at
first, but now I've grown to appreciate it.
|
| at play |
There must be an adult on duty when
the children are at play.
|
| at rest |
His explanation did not put our minds at
rest, and we weren't satisfied.
|
| at present |
I'm living in Discovery Bay at
present, but not for much longer.
|
|
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Phrases
that begin with "by"
| Phrase |
Example |
| by
accident |
It wasn't clear if the fire started by accident
or on purpose.
|
| by chance |
We met by chance several years later
in Hong Kong. |
| by day |
Badgers don't come out by
day, they're nocturnal.
|
| by design |
It wasn't done by
design, it was unintentional.
|
| by degrees |
You can only learn this by
degrees, step by step, you can't rush it.
|
| by heart |
An actor needs to learn his lines by
heart - you can't read them during a
performance.
|
| by mistake |
I'm sorry, I put the memo in your
pigeon hole by mistake -
it's for Mary.
|
| by name |
The headmaster called out the
wrondoers by name at the
morning assembly.
|
| by rights |
By rights
this should be John's job, but I'll do it for now.
|
| by sight |
I know Mr Brown by
sight, but we've never been introduced.
|
| by
surprise |
The police caught the burglar by
surprise while he was trying to break in.
|
by + reflexive pronoun
This is often used to mean doing something alone, often
meaning "without any help".
| eg |
You can't move all these books by
yourself - let me help you. |
| |
She often goes out for a walk by
herself. |
by +
the time + verb
This phrase is often used as a time conjunction, similar
to "when", and it is used with a
verb to mean "not later than when something happens". It is
often used with the past perfect tense.
| eg |
We were delayed by traffic and by
the time we arrived the concert had started. |
| |
I'll probably be in bed by the time you
get home. |
| |
By the time the police had
realised what was happening, the robbers had escaped. |
|
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Phrases
that begin with "in"
| in brief |
In brief,
the prosecution's case is based on the fact that he
lied. |
| in case |
Take an umbrella in
case it rains. |
| in common |
He's my brother, but we don't have
many interests in common. |
| in danger |
We are in danger
of losing the contract. |
| in debt |
Most of the farmers are in
debt to the banks. |
| in difficulties |
Helicopters were scrambled after
reports from a North Sea oil rig that it was in
difficulties. |
| in due course |
They will have an answer for you in
due course, but you have to be patient. |
| in fact |
I thought he was about 50, but in
fact he's only 45. |
| in half |
If you divide the room in
half, you would still be able to get all the
desks in. |
| in general |
The British are eating less food in
general and less junk food in particular. |
| in love |
She is secretly in
love with another man. |
| in name |
Gone are the days when this tournament
was international in name
only. |
| in need |
The government thinks this is an
opportunity to reassess how those most in
need can be helped. |
| in order |
They need a higher grade in
order to be accepted on the course. |
| in
particular |
The British are eating less food in
general and less junk food in
particular. |
| in pieces |
He knocked over the vase and it broke in
pices on the floor. |
| in private |
I have something to tell you in
private. |
| in public |
Kissing in
public is not usually done, although holding
hands is common. |
| in reply |
In reply
to your question, the answer is yes. |
| in secret |
They believe the government is
carrying out research in secret. |
| in sight |
When the island of Tioman came in
sight the view was fantastic. |
| in stock |
We don't have this model in
stock, but we can order it for you. |
| in turn |
Let us consider each of those points in
turn. |
| in time |
You won't understand it now, but in
time you will. |
| in tears |
The exhibition attracted a lot of
people off the streets, many in
tears and unable to speak. |
| in short |
Good accommodation was in
short supply. |
|
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Phrases
that begin with "on"
| on business |
He has gone to China on
business. |
| on duty (off duty) |
My brother is a policeman, and he usually has to be on
duty at weekends. |
| on fire |
Many people escaped to the roof because the middle
floors were on fire. |
| on foot |
We'll go on foot as
it's not far. |
| on guard |
There are always some police on
guard outside the American embassy. |
| on holiday |
They are on holiday in
Chiang Mai just now, but they'll be back next week |
| on horseback |
You can tour the Grand Canyon on
horseback if you can ride. |
| on purpose |
It was no accident, he fouled the other player on
purpose. |
| on time |
The trains usually run on time,
although they might be late if there is a lot of snow. |
| on sale |
You can still find pirated software on
sale if you know where to go. |
|
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|
on
+ possessive + own
This is used to mean doing something alone, often
meaning "without any help" and is similar to "by
oneself".
| eg |
You can't move all these books on
your own - let me help you. |
| |
She often goes out for a walk on her
own. |
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|
of
+ possessive + own
This is used to mean owning or having
something yourself, in contrast to having something which belongs to
someone else.
| eg |
She really wants a house of
her own - she's tired of living in a rented apartment. |
| |
It's time he found a girlfriend of his
own. |
| |
He doesn't seem to have any ideas of his
own - just what he's got from other people. |
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Phrases
that begin with "out of"
| out of
control |
Some of the pupils in
that school are just out of
control. |
| out of
danger |
The typhoon has changed direction so
it looks as if Hong Kong is out
of danger. |
| out of
date |
You need to check the milk to see that
it's not out of date. |
| out of
doors |
In summer the children can play out
of doors and have more things to do. |
| out of
hearing |
I could see they were talking about me
but they were out of hearing
so I don't know what they were saying. |
| out of
order |
I'm afraid the lift is out
of order so you'll have to use the steps. |
| out of
sight |
They stood watching the plane until it
was out of sight. |
| out of
place |
I feel out of
place there, everyone seems to be dressed so
formally. |
| out of
reach |
The price of a house in Central London
is far out of reach of
most ordinary workers. |
| out of
stock |
We are out of
stock of this model just now. |
| out of
turn |
Government ministers who speak out
of turn are likely to be reprimanded. |
| out of
work |
More than 7% of the work force is out
of work now. |
|
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Phrases
that begin with "within"
| within
hearing |
Don't say anything about it while
he's within hearing. |
| within
reach |
The championship is now within
reach for Liverpool if they can beat Manchester
United. |
| within
sight |
I live within
sight of the Kowloon coast and Hong Kong
island. |
|
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